We estimated the weighted average spacer length index (I) for each lane based on the length (i.e., molecular weight) and proportion (i.e., relative intensity) of each band as in Cluster et al. [ 5]: where n is the number of spacer bands in a lane, S i is the fragment size (or molecular weight) of each band, and P i is the relative intensity.
The weighted average chain length was 13.6.
Although it seems reasonable to adjudicate to the 'older blood' group those who had received at least one transfusion of old blood, one could argue that the groups should be allocated according to the freshest blood administered, or according to the mean or the median length of storage, or perhaps according to a weighted average of the length of storage all RBC units received.
Provider expenditures are commonly expressed as average expenditures per year of insurance, which is obtained by annualizing patients' health care expenditures and calculating a weighted average using patients' length of enrollment as weights [ 19, 26].
A weighted average of branch lengths estimated for each partition was used to re-estimate divergence dates via penalized likelihood [ 17] in r8s [ 63], with the identical fossil calibrations used by Mueller [ 37].
where Γ is the average crystalline dimension perpendicular to the reflecting phases, λ the X-ray wavelength, θ the Bragg's angle, and (L vol the volume-weighted average column length, i.e., the number of reflecting planes times their effective distance "d".
Because maximum likelihood estimates of branch lengths for the simulated "salamander" data were nearly identical to the true branch lengths, whereas Bayesian length estimates were significantly underestimated, we used a weighted average of ML branch length estimates to re-estimate plethodontid divergence dates in r8s.
When separate rates were reported for ITS1 and ITS2, a weighted average based on the average length of each nrITS region was calculated.
Model #2 (analogous to the squared-change parsimony,[ 56], Ch. 23) inferred the spacer lengths for internal nodes as a weighted average of the spacer lengths of external nodes using a recursive procedure.
