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These probabilities can be used to produce "weighted" average estimates of the association between PM and mortality that explicitly incorporate information from each candidate model.
For the meta-analysis weighted average estimates of incidence rate and prevalence were calculated using the exact binomial method of H amza et al. [ 24] fitted using Proc NLMIXED in SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
We make comparisons with two other approaches, (1) average estimates from analysis of 1000 data sets obtained via simple random sampling (SRS) of the original data with simulated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), (2) weighted average estimates from analysis of 1000 data sets obtained via VISN-stratified random sampling (StRS) with simulated 95% CIs.
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Fig. 2 Forest plots and weighted average estimate for the relative risk of MOH for the three comparisons: a ergots versus analgesics; b ergots versus opioids; and c analgesics versus opioids.
Fig. 1 Forest plots and weighted average estimate for the relative risk of MOH for the three comparisons: a triptans versus analgesics; b triptans versus ergots; and c triptans versus opioids.
We detected outliers by removing one study at a time and estimating a weighted average estimate of all other studies.
Results from individual studies are statistically combined to provide a weighted average estimate of overall treatment effect.
For comparisons between population groups external age-standardization is required, so the Pohar-Perme estimate is calculated separately in each age group and a weighted average estimated using Eq. (4).
The weighted average estimate of the optimum is u ˜ k = ∑ i = 1 n x ik y i ∑ i = 1 n x ik, where x is the abundance of species k in sample i and y is the empirical environmental value in sample i (e.g. buffer width or time since harvested).
These were then summed across all of the models to create weighted-average estimates for each model parameter [ 26].
The final set of weighted-average estimates were divided by their sum to yield a proportion-of-total-variability estimate for each factor and the residual variance.
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