If the n-gram is present only in a single genome then its weight is unity, i.e. 1, and if it is present in all the genomes then its weight is zero, i.e. 0. The model-building step involves indexing the entire set of common and unique n-grams and assigning appropriate weight to each n-gram based on its frequency profile across the reference genome set.
All the unique n-grams are assigned a weight of unity, i.e. 1, and the common n-grams are assigned weights using a dampening factor that accounts for how popular the n-gram is with respect to the genomes present in the dataset.
The correlation factor found was 0.346 g/L cell dry weight per unity of absorbance.
Still, as Figure 4B shows these edge weights decay dramatically; the number of robust edges (those with a weight near unity) is a very small fraction of the total number of edges in the dense consensus graph.
Finally, to make the model identifiable, we constrained the head circumference → neonatal behavior regression weight to unity.
The extraction of PLS components operates under the same constraints as with PCA: (i) the sum of the squared weights is unity, i.e. <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0019401.e002.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> ; and (ii) the correlations amongst all components are zero.
This is because PLS does not use the original collinear covariates in the computational process; instead, it constructs weighted component first and then maximizes the covariance between the outcome and those weighted components successively extracted under the two constraints that all the components are independent and the sum of the squared weights is unity.
Closing the energy imbalance was done by distributing ɛ to the three energy balance components, A, λE and H, in weighted portions (w), so that the adjusted values (marked with a *) become (11a) λ E * = λ E + w λ E ε, (11b) H * = H + w H ε, (11c) A * = A − w A ε, where the sum of the weights equals unity.
The performance test runs of the two H-ZSM-5 and [B]-H-ZSM-5 samples were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at T = 480 °C, P = 1 atm, methanol WHSV = 0.9 h−1 with methanol to water weight ratio of unity in the feed.
