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The optimization problem associated with an and/or graph G consists of finding a minimum weight solution subgraph H of G, where the weight of a solution subgraph is the sum of the weights of its edges.
The weight of a solution is used for determining the attractiveness of a solution to be chosen in the next evolution and is given by Eq. (22) (Schlueter 2012) w_{j} = frac{1}{{qksqrt {2pi } }}exp left( {frac{{ - ({text{rank}}(j) - 1)^{2} }}{{2q^{2} k^{2} }}} right) (22)In the equation, the term ({text{rank}}(j)) is given the rank of the solution.
Mild anesthesia was induced by intramuscular (IM) injection of 1 ul/kg body weight of a solution containing 60 mg/ml ketamine (Phoenix Scientific, St . Joseph MO) and 8 mg/ml xylazine (Phoenix Scientific).
All experiments were performed under anesthetic using intraperitoneal injection of 0.01 mL/g of body weight of a solution containing 8 mg/mL ketamine (Ketalar®, Panpharma, Fougères, France) and 0.8 mg/mL xylazine (Rompun®, Bayer Pharma, Puteaux, France).
Females were separated 2 hours before milking, injected with 0.2 U synthetic oxytocin (CEVA SANTE ANIMALE, Libourne, France) and then anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection (0.01 mL/g of body weight) of a solution containing 1 mL Imalgène 1000 (MERIAL, Lyon, France), 0.5 mL Rompun (Bayer Pharma, Puteaux, France) in a final volume of 10 mL water.
Beginning on G6 and continuing daily until sacrifice on G16, the dams were weighed in the morning and provided with a wafer dosed with 0.5 μL/g body weight of a solution calibrated to deliver specific doses of PCB Mix 6 (Table 1).
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A priming dose of inulin (Inutest: Fresenius Pharma, Linz, Austria), 0.12 mL/kg body weight of a 25% solution diluted in 130 mL of isotonic mannitol solution, was infused intravenously (10 mL/min) into the other arm.
For cell proliferation studies, pregnant dams and postnatal animals were given a single intraperitoneal injection of EdU (Invitrogen) at a dose of 50-100 mg/kg body weight in a solution of 10 mg/ml PBS (pH 7.4).
The unit consists of a sealed polyethylene capsule (containing a known weight of a 226Ra standard solution) immersed in water inside a cylindrical stainless-steel accumulation chamber.
After the collection of basal urine samples and right before the dark phase, the animals were gently force-fed 7 mg/kg body weight of a [15N]-glycine solution.
a. Inject 10 ml/kg body weight of a 5 mg/ml solution to give a final dose of 50 mg/kg.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com