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However, the change is not instantaneous and several weeks of submergence may be needed to increase the pH.
Phenotyping of these SUB1A-2 varevealedrevealed a variable level of submergence tolerance ranging from about 4% to 40% plant survival after two weeks of submergence.
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Cultivars with SUB1 (e.g. Swarna-Sub1, IR64-Sub1, Samba Mahsuri-Sub1) tolerate complete submergence for over 2 weeks, depending on floodwatolerateitions (Das et al. [2009]); whereas some other completesubmergencehstand 3 weeks oforoverete submergence with greater variations in plant height and elongation ability under submergence (Table 1).
Most varieties of rice will die after three days of complete submergence but plants with the Sub1 gene can withstand two weeks of complete submergence.
Rice landraces tolerant of up to 2 weeks of complete submergence were collected from farmers' fields in the 1950s.
Most of the Sub1 varieties, which can withstand around 2 weeks of complete submergence, perform poorly in these conditions.
SUB1 can provide protection against up to 2 weeks of complete submergence, with considerable yield benefits (Mackill et al. 2012; Ismail et al. 2013).
More recently, Nugraha et al. (2013) tested paired material with and without the SUB1 locus by imposing 2 weeks of complete submergence followed by a 25- or 50-cm-deep SF treatment.
These Sub1 varieties can survive ∼2 weeks of complete submergence and they typically provide 1 3 t ha−1 yield advantage over the original varieties in flood-prone rainfed lowlands (Ismail et al. 2013).
Most higher yielding modern rice varieties die within a week of complete submergence, making them unsuitable alternatives of traditional rice landraces.
Cottonwood begins to show the effects of submergence after only two days and survives only one week.
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