This leads nursing professionals to seek for part-time jobs, resulting in long working hours (average weekly work hours for this study was 43.7 hours) and poor job performance.
Program participants also had slightly higher employment rates, average weekly work hours and hourly earnings.
To investigate the effect of total weekly work hours on subjective well-being, we run model 4 by adding three dummy variables that measure total weekly work hours.
Secondly, we analyze the differences between total weekly work hours and total overtime work hours between women working in the public sector and those in the private sector.
Figure 1a shows that the average weekly work hours for women who have public sector jobs is 41.57 (close to the number of 40, the standard weekly work hours), whereas the number for women who have private sector jobs is 52.30.
Thus, we hypothesize that: Hypothesis 4: ceteris paribus, average weekly work hours for women who work in the public sector will be fewer than those for women who work in the private sector.
Hypothesis 4: ceteris paribus, average weekly work hours for women who work in the public sector will be fewer than those for women who work in the private sector.
Also, based on the existing literature, we define overtime work as working over 40 h every week (standard work hours defined by the law are 8 h a day, 5 days a week) and define overtime work hours as actual weekly work hours minus 40 (Feng and Li 2013).
In order to rigorously examine the (overtime) disparity in work hours between the public and private sectors, we adopt a multi-level linear regression model to estimate total weekly work hours and a multi-level tobit regression model to estimate total overtime work hours.5 The key independent variable is sector type (public sector or private sector).
They include an improved sectoral mix of employment, higher educational levels of the employed, a higher proportion of employed in wage and salaried employment, shorter weekly work hours, a reduced child work rate, higher participation in social security, and a reduction in unpaid work.
