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Weekly average temperature and cumulative rainfall were computed or aggregated from daily weather data.
To make the model more robust to the effects of less predictable seasonality, we first built a core model to control the confounders, including long-term trends, seasonal patterns of ARD admissions and meteorological factors, with natural cubic spline smoothing functions of time, weekly average temperature and relative humidity.
We compiled the data as a weekly average temperature (°C).
Weekly average temperature, relative humidity and proportions of specimens positive for respiratory viruses are summarized in Table 1.
Weekly death counts regressed on weekly average temperature and rainfall may have smoothed out some short-term effects.
ns(t), ns temp t ), and ns(humd t ) denote the natural cubic spline smoothing functions of time, weekly average temperature and relative humidity.
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However, there were large variations on both the daily and weekly average temperatures.
We used the first (25%) and third quartiles (75%) of weekly average temperatures (or humidity) as the cutoff points to define the low, middle and high temperature (or humidity) periods [ 22].
The exception is the free water surface of a shallow polygonal pond where weekly averaged temperature differences of 2.5 K are sustained compared to the tundra surface.
In the adjusted model, we controlled for region (ie, location) as a parametric effect and used the local regression smoother to fit non-parametric effect of adjustments for calendar weeks (defined as the date of the Monday of the week) and weekly average of temperature, cloud cover and humidity.
We adjusted the weekly averaged mean temperature using a cross-basis framework (Gasparrini et al. 2010) to account for the combined effects of a 10-week maximum lag structure (stratified at 4 weeks for mean temperature and polynomial for rainfall) and a nonlinear exposure response represented by using natural cubic splines with 5 df for the effect of rainfall and temperature.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com