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The weathering indices Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) and Weathering Index of Parker WIPP) determined for five soils on all geological formations, suggested that in contrast to expectation the topsoil (0 10 cm) appeared to be the least and the subsoil (50 70 cm) and saprolite (isomorphically weathered rock in the soil matrix) the most weathered.
The highest RPD values of 3.12, 4.13, 3.78, 6.13, and 5.08 were obtained for chemical index of alteration (CIA), MgI, mafic index of alteration (MIA(O)), IOL, and weathering index of Parker (WIP), respectively, when the PLSR model was based on (vis NIR + MIR)vip.
Three phenomena were considered: Luvisol and Vertisol type soils, and pedosediments, all of them analyzed in terms of their development degree (clay content, macro and micromorphology, selective extractions of Fe (Fed, Feo), silicon (Sio) and aluminum (Alo), weathering index and clay mineralogy).
A modified weathering index (mCIA) was used to evaluate the weathering processes.
The weathering index WIP (weathering index according to Parker) and the chemical composition of volcanic glasses and clasts were tested as proxies for the age of the volcanic deposits and time for soil formation.
The disturbance precludes detailed interpretation of paleoenvironmental proxies, textural variation, chemical weathering index, pollen and phytolith assemblages.
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How does weather index insurance compare to traditional risk management arrangements (Binswanger-Mkhize 2012)?
Various drought risk management strategies already exist and weather index insurance needs to be contextualized to diverse settings.
The weathering state of rocks can be described by various chemical and petrographical weathering indices.
This problem can cause many classical weathering indices to yield misleading results.
Geochemical weathering indices are widely used in evaluating the stage of soil development.
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