Conditions at layer interfaces are imposed weakly using penalties.
We use summation-by-parts finite difference operators to approximate the spatial derivatives and impose boundary conditions weakly using penalties.
In order to enable fast explicit time stepping methods, the boundary conditions are imposed weakly using a numerically stable upwind discretization.
We analyze two different alternatives for achieving global first-order differentiability without increasing the number of variables: using C1 Hermite elements and imposing the constraint weakly using C0 elements.
Systems with small eyes near the limb, or edge, of a satellite image can be biased too weakly using the technique, which can be resolved through use of polar-orbiting satellite imagery.
This selectivity can be explained by its Theorell Chance kinetic mechanism, whereby p300 interacts with the substrate protein weakly using a broad, promiscuous surface (see Figures 6 and 7).
In contrast, the determinants for LR HPV infection were: history of genital warts, increasing lifetime number of sexual partners, being single, and (inversely but weakly) ever use of condoms (Table 4).
Exploring whether and how the two measures are associated is important: If strongly correlated, both or either can be used for research and quality surveillance; if weakly correlated, using the number of pre-referral consultations as a measure of timeliness should be discouraged.
In addition, many genes that were undetected or weakly detected using the regular protocol were clearly detected using the amplification protocol.
The monophyly of clades A and B in our ITS2 dataset received very strong bootstrap support using all three methods, whereas the monophyly of clade C was only weakly supported using maximum likelihood (<50% bootstrap support) and not at all supported using neighbor-joining and parsimony.
