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We hypothesized and found that participants with higher self-concept clarity (signaling a well-integrated system) had positive self-esteem attractors and weaker self-esteem repellers, whereas those with lower clarity demonstrated less positive self-esteem attractors and stronger self-esteem repellers.
In summary, smokers often have weaker self-esteem and those with weaker self-esteem are likely to smoke.
Those with weaker self-esteem in adolescence are more likely to smoke regularly in adulthood.
To study whether weaker self-esteem in adolescence is connected with smoking behavior in adulthood.
In conclusion weaker self-esteem in adolescence is associated with smoking in adulthood.
The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is associated with smoking in adulthood.
Those with weaker self-esteem during adolescence were more likely to have been smoking regularly (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 3.0) (Table 1).
This was considered to be close enough to the original distribution of LAWSEQ scores (see Section 2) and thus the cut-point of median was accepted for dichotomization of LAWSEQ scores to those representing stronger or weaker self-esteem.
However, those respondents who had weaker self-esteem in adolescence had increased risk of having been smoking regularly (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 3.0) although not all of them were smokers at the time of the follow-up.
Of these subjects 51.7% (n = 402) got LAWSEQ score of 0, 1, or 2. Because of this we classified the respondents with LAWSEQ scores from 3 to 20 as having weaker self-esteem and those with LAWSEQ scores of 2 or less as having stronger self-esteem.
Weak self-esteem is a sign of vulnerability when it comes to affective disorders.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com