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There are many similar lenses in use world wide and they have a weaker focusing action compared to more modern designs which omit the pole tip extensions.
The results show that a larger spacing, a larger lens size, a shorter wavelength, or a smaller array scale can lead to a weaker focusing coupling effect.
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It was used to prevent the exposure of substrates to the weak focusing shots at the beginning of the process before achieving strong focusing action.
The stability of the weak focuses associated to such bifurcation is examined according to the sign of the first Lyapunov value, showing that chaotic behavior can arise when the first Lyapunov value is varied harmonically.
We find there has been increasing attention to management and decision support systems, but a much weaker focus on uncertainty, a pervasive concern whose criticalities must be identified and managed for improving decision making.
Accordingly, heaver ions experience less RF confinement which results in weaker ion focusing for higher m/ z ions.
The smaller penetration for the narrower gap results in weaker ion focusing in the transversal directions, i.e., a wider area around the center that can be occupied by ions.
In this situation, it may be prudent to search for natural populations in which these associations are weaker or focus selection efforts on loci that are not pleiotropically regulated.
So λ13 ≠ 0, the origin of system (1.2) is a 13-order weak focus.
So, when condition (3.3) holds, the origin of system (1.7) is a 12th-order weak focus.
2. If ν2 -2π) ≠ 0, the origin of system (2.2) is called 1-order weak focus.
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