For the three dyes where charge transfer is weak, substitution reduced fluorescence efficiency.
Longer trips are more focused on links with dedicated bicycle lanes and do not show strong correlations with bus travel, possibly indicating a weak substitution effect.
On the other hand, we found that whisky and brandy have a weak substitution relationship.
Therefore, the ITS results in this paper support a weak substitution rate acceleration for annuals consistent with a generation time effect in plants.
Interestingly, given the close relation to human and chimpanzee, the orangutan genome shows a high rate of strong to weak substitutions leading to significantly lower GC content throughout the examined regions.
In some alignments, asterisks, colons, or periods are present above the alignment; asterisks represent 100% conserved residues, colons represent 100% conservation of a strong amino acid (aa) substitution group (e.g., acidic, basic, hydrophobic), and periods represent a 100% conserved weaker substitution group (e.g., alanine, threonine, or valine).
Therefore, the suggestion of a weak annual/perennial substitution rate difference in our study may not apply if plant groups containing perennials with longer lives and greater time to first flower were compared.
On the basis of theoretical studies (see section below), the substantially weaker CT band in the 5,5′-derivatives could stem from stronger charge separation since the electronic coupling between the substituent and the isoindigo core is weak when substitution occurs at the 5,5′-positions.
By comparison, wild-type mice ended far more of their chains with a weaker terminal substitution for Phase IV, which left them stuck in head grooming without ever making a transition to body grooming.
gBGC is expected to occur predominantly in recombination hotspots with short lifespans and weak influences on substitution rate, suggesting that it could affect the evolution of base composition in Mb-long genomic fragments, but not individual hotspots (typically 2 kb long) [ 13, 27].
For the splice sequence positions where purifying selection is detectable but weak (table 2), substitutions occur at about 60% the rate at neutral sites, whereas for the class of sites that shows about an order of magnitude stronger selection, the substitution rate is only roughly 0.02% than that at neutral sites.
