The relatively small effects of structure on patterns of LD may be explained by high rates of gene flow and weak subpopulation structure across the geographic range of P. taeda (Al-Rabab'ah and Williams 2002; Eckert et al. 2010; Chhatre et al. 2013).
This gene would not have been picked up by conventional association studies, because the effect is weak and the subpopulation small.
Although the microsatellite data lend some support to the presence of two subpopulations, there is weak structuring within and between lineages.
There was very little differentiation among subpopulations and a weak trend of increasing differentiation with geographic distance.
The basic hypotheses are linkage equilibrium within subpopulations (or possibly weak linkage [ 44]) and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (if the organism under study is not haploid).
A continuous increase in marginal likelihood with increasing K was observed, indicating that subpopulation structure was weak or nonexistent.
For example, the D&D vs. MC comparison was only significant after we selected the subpopulations that are initially weak on the given skill.
The extended amygdala also contained minor subpopulations of cells showing weak TH mRNA expression (Figs. 7, 8).
Intracellular recordings revealed a corresponding circuit architecture providing each cortical neuron with weak synaptic input from a distinct subpopulation of MOB glomeruli.
Although the methylation profile was similar to that of other cell lines showing partial methylation (BT549, MCF10F and MCF12A), flow cytometry showed weak membranous protein expression in a subpopulation of the cells.
