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Libraries had increased in size, but their growth had been haphazard; administration had become weak, standards of service almost nonexistent; funds for acquisition tended to be inadequate; the post of librarian was often looked on as a part-time position; and cataloging was frequently in arrears and lacked proper method.
Likewise, due to the lobbying power of the NRA, many of the state laws have ambiguous or weak standards of enforcement.
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For example, a contextualist might accept that 'knowledge'-talk is equally appropriate whether one is describing the best achievements of empirical science, or the best achievements of mathematics, while acknowledging that the former rest on weaker standards of proof than the latter.
Second, the authors combined tort law and chemical regulations as examples in which weaker standards of evidence can suffice to inform policy.
In other social contexts, such as tort law and chemical regulation, weaker standards of evidence are sometimes acceptable to protect the public (Cranor 2008).
If we rely on "weaker" standards of evidence to protect the public, the basis of the decision and the nature of the evidence relied upon should be made transparent.
Schwartz's second point is that it is problematic for us to treat tort law and chemical regulations as equivalent contexts, in which weaker standards of evidence can appropriately inform policy.
First, the authors noted that different levels of scientific evidence are necessary depending on the venue in which that evidence is going to be used: High standards of evidence are necessary to infer causal relationships, with weaker standards of evidence required to protect the public from perceived risks.
So the bans should fall based even on a "rational basis" analysis, the weakest standard of review.
My personal view is that there is a weaker standard of appointments, which is a consequence of the abolition of the senior appointment panel and the removal of HM Inspectorate of Constabulary from the selection process.
Informational idealization ranges between full information and a weaker standard of adequate or relevant information.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com