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Weak self-esteem is a sign of vulnerability when it comes to affective disorders.
In addition to depressive symptoms, weak self-esteem is linked to weight problems [ 13] and social phobia [ 14].
It is not possible to determine one value where LAWSEQ score interpretation changes from strong self-esteem to weak self-esteem.
One explanation for increased neuroticism in internet addicts can be supposed in negative emotional states and weak self-esteem related to neuroticism (e.g., [ 46]).
We hypothesized and found that participants with higher self-concept clarity (signaling a well-integrated system) had positive self-esteem attractors and weaker self-esteem repellers, whereas those with lower clarity demonstrated less positive self-esteem attractors and stronger self-esteem repellers.
In summary, smokers often have weaker self-esteem and those with weaker self-esteem are likely to smoke.
Those with weaker self-esteem in adolescence are more likely to smoke regularly in adulthood.
To study whether weaker self-esteem in adolescence is connected with smoking behavior in adulthood.
In conclusion weaker self-esteem in adolescence is associated with smoking in adulthood.
Consequently, LAWSEQ scores were between 0 (zero) and 20, where 0 represented the strongest and 20 the weakest self-esteem.
The aim of this study was to find out if weaker self-esteem in adolescence is associated with smoking in adulthood.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com