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Previous energy-based models predict that multiple "tunnel" cracks in the weak layers of the shell account for a factor of 20 of this increase in fracture energy.
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The biggest cause of avalanches is a weak layer of snow on a slope covered by solid layers, Dr. Adams said.
Slides often result when there is a weak layer of snow on a slope covered by solid layers, and scientists say they are hard to predict.
A weak layer of tissue called the abscission layer develops at the base of each leaf stalk, and at this point the stalk breaks and the leaf is shed.
THE ARTS, PAGE E1 Engineers Point to Flaws In Design of Floodwalls In the early 1980's the Army Corps of Engineers drove the anchors for a New Orleans levee wall no deeper than 17 feet below sea level, despite a potentially weak layer of peat soil 15 feet deep.
Corrosion leads to a reduction of the reinforcing bar diameter, the formation of a weak layer of corrosion products around the bar and expansive forces on the surrounding concrete (that can lead to cracking).
This adhesive failure must be due to the weak layer of demineralized dentin in the restored dentin.
Moreover, the laminated composites exhibit remarkable low friction and high wear resistance, which has friction coefficient of 0.15 and wear rate of 3.8 × 10−7 mm3/N m when the filling ratio (a ratio of thickness of the weak layers to thickness of the laminated composites) is 40%.
The Popular Party, meanwhile, justified its opposition because of what its leader, Mariano Rajoy Brey, said was an austerity package that would "fall upon the weakest layers of our society".
The posterior fornix is more vulnerable to injury as a result of a weaker layer of endopelvic fascia [ 4, 8- 11].
Our estimated viscosity is consistent with their results, although our model assumed the thickness of the weak layer to be 20 km.
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