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The main conclusion from these observations is that during low solar activity, a number of weak flares, with flare power 0 5 dB, showed correspondingly weak phase perturbations.
Although flare reconnection process has also been thought to be a candidate for accelerating GLE particles (Bazilevskaya 2008; Grechnev et al. 2008), the association of some GLE events with weak flares makes this mechanism less viable.
Our results also show greater differences in the values of β and H′ for strong flares in comparison with weak flares under both low- and moderate-solar activity conditions.
However the number distribution of events with energy shows the prevalence of weak flares strong enough to expect that the heating requirements of the quiescent corona could be achieved when extrapolating the distribution below the detectability treshold.
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And one thing he has observed is that when an overpowering pitcher with a tendency to saw off bats like Rivera faces a powerful batter like Gonzalez, the result is often a weak flare into the shallowest part of the outfield.
The remaining 15 SEP events were either back-sided or associated with weaker flares (flare size < M5.0).
VLF perturbations might not be observed during daylight hours, for all the flares, because either the VLF transmitters were off (or no data were available) or weaker flares of class C and below may not have produced any detectable VLF perturbations.
How about a weaker flare's effect on the thermosphere?
In this study, we did not model the thermospheric response to the great solar flare like the X17 solar flare on 28 October 2003, but modeled the effects of a weaker flare of X5.
Their results suggest that the occurrence of SPAs due to weak solar flares, of class C and below, was higher during solar minima, but the occurrence of SPAs was not dependent on the solar activity for stronger class flares.
Almost the same number of large SEP events was produced in weaker eruptions (flare size < M5.0), suggesting that the soft X-ray flare is not a good indicator of SEP or GLE events.
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