Our findings indicated that the orchard conservation would be more valuable for species with relatively weak dispersal abilities.
In C. sesamiae, reproductive isolation from other ecological populations is indeed possible without geographical barrier because it is favored by sib-mating in the host tunnel (Branca et al. 2009), short adult life expectation (Potting et al. 1997; Muirhead et al. 2010), low population densities, weak dispersal abilities (Omwega et al. 2006), and Wolbachia infection (Branca et al. 2011).
Therefore, we should expect to find at least as strong genetic population structure in many other aquatic taxa too that most often have weaker dispersal abilities, an expectation that is indeed supported by several recent publications on other rheophilic fish in the region (Nolte et al. 2009; Hudson et al. 2014).
All species of the A. brunneus complex are exclusively found in running waters, and such lotic taxa have, in general, weaker dispersal abilities than their lentic relatives, leading to a stronger mismatch between their realized and potential distributions in central and north Europe [ 66, 69].
We show at first that weak levels of dispersal are associated with a reduction in infection as vectors infected in habitats of high transmission tend to spread into habitats with fewer hosts.
Mycalesines are generally low flying butterflies with weak to moderate dispersal abilities [ 8, 25, 39] (although the Heteropsis subgenera Masoura and Admiratio are canopy species, as is Nirvanopsis) [ 40, 41].
Selection for generalist pathogens was generally observed when the aggressiveness trade-off was weak and pathogen dispersal ability was at its highest values but was also possible with a strong trade-off when the cropping season was very long.
The lower the pressure, the weaker the blood dispersal, and the more it will look like a slash wound, as long as Ms. Cucchiaro meets her cue.
Marine organisms with planktonic early life stages have traditionally been assumed to have high dispersal and weak population genetic structure.
Champsocephalus gunnari dispersal was weak across the Scotia Sea, with greater transport predicted between more proximate sites, for example between Shag Rocks and South Georgia, and within the Antarctic Peninsula region.
Our model also found a weak effect of pollen dispersal on population extinction, which was due to its effect on pollen limitation of females.
