But reports in 1997 and 2000 by the General Accounting Office, the audit arm of Congress, found weak contract monitoring by the Army contributed to cost increases in the Balkan contract that benefited KBR.
But it dropped the criminal inquiry and reached a civil settlement in February, in part because of weak contract monitoring by the Army, according to Mr. McIntosh and a lawyer involved in the case.
We find empirical evidence that weak contract enforcement is associated with lower R&D investment: R&D intensity in an industry increases with the quality of the judicial system.
According to an analysis of the Council in Health Research for Development (COHRED), for instance, various research institutions in Africa and Asia have weak contracting capacity [ 24].
Weak institutions and feeble contracts constitute "the most important challenge to the agricultural sector," argues Decio Zylbersztajn, another economist at the University of São Paulo.If so, a close second is Brazil's shaky infrastructure, which blunts much of its edge in the cost of land and labour.
Further aided by a weak dollar, contracts for crude delivery in August rose 42 cents, to $63.98 a barrel.
In the more flexible American labor market, where industrial unions are weak and contracts far less rigid, companies responded more often by letting workers go, sharply cutting costs and preserving profit margins.
Anonymity of content generation destroys the value of conversations, but harnessing the gestures of the anonymous produces much of the value proposition minus the privacy tax imposed by weak social contracts.
M.L.S., now in its seventh season, has piled up losses of $250 million to $300 million, evidence of a weak television contract with ABC and ESPN.
Indeed, on the one side, in times of crises, young people have been more penalized than older workers due to having less work experience in addition to weaker work contracts and frequent lower qualifications (Marelli and Signorelli 2015).
