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To quantify distortion of the apparent radiation pattern from double-couple point source predictions, we simply calculated the cross-correlation coefficient (CCC) between the observation and theoretical amplitude fluctuations using moving hypocentral distance windows (40 70, 50 80, 60 90, 70 100, 80 110, 90 120, and 100 130 km).
We simply calculated how much energy it would take to either cloak or broadcast a planet's existence.
In other words, we simply calculated the percentage of taxa with more than 1% abundance in our benthic mixture that were detected by each primer set (Table 1).
We simply calculated the scores by summing up the log expression values of genes of one direction and subtracting those of genes of the other direction.
For each gene cluster, we simply calculated the mean and standard deviation values from all member genes in the cluster for all 160 bins.
We simply calculated the percentiles of these distributions, and call these the reference values, recognizing that they neveretheless contain some error, being incomplete samples from the tree.
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If we simply calculate the outputs of the check nodes as in (65), we might end up with inconsistent updates.
Here, we simply calculate two cases, in which the thermal conductivity is twice and a half, respectively, our standard value (see Section 2.2), in order to gauge the effect of the change of thermal conductivity in the frozen crust.
We simply calculate the wave propagation using a finite difference method (FDM) (e.g. Aochi and Douglas, 2006, references therein), introducing a 3D deep structure model provided by NIED (Fujiwara et al., 2009).
Finally, for the proposed distributed version of the federated decentralized filter, instead of calculating the estimates of L states at a single robot, we simply calculate the estimates of M (M < L) states at a single robot for each sample collected.
We simply calculate the fraction of users (u_{i} in U) whose Happiness, denoted (H u_{i})) (SWB value of (u_{i})), is lower than the average Happiness H̄ of their nearest neighbors, (mathcal{N}_{u_{i}}), vs. the total number of individuals in the network (|U|): H = frac{| { u_{i} in U: H u_{i}) < bar{H}(mathcal{H}_{u_{i}}) } |}{|U|}.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com