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Finally, we pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the PKC inhibitor GF109203X, and treated with Apelin-13.
As a negative control, cells we pretreated with a STAT3 control peptide (STAT3-CP) that has the same residue sequence without phospho-group.
We pretreated with NAC, an antioxidant (1 and 10 mM) for 1 h in HCT116 and HT-29 cells, and then treated with snake venom toxin (1 μg/ml) for 30 min to assess cell viability and DR4 and DR5 expression.
To further dissect the regulatory role of AR-NF-kappaB on MIP-1β promoter, we pretreated with NF-kappaB inhibitor (BAY118082) prior to the IL-1β stimulation, leading to abolishment of promoter activation (In Supporting Information Fig S4A), indicating that NF-kappaB is essential to mediate IL-1β enhanced MIP-1β expression.
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To determine the role of ERK1/2 activation in ventilator-induced neutrophil sequestration and upregulation of chemotactic factor with hyperoxia, we pretreated mice with specific ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) for 30 minutes.
To recapitulate this in vitro, we pretreated hHM with peptide, then stimulated this with TNF-α and performed an immunoprecipitation for RelA.
CH223191, an inhibitor of the AhR-dependent pathway (Zhao et al. 2010), was obtained from Sigma and used at a concentration of 10 6 M. To examine the role of AhR, we pretreated cells with CH223191 3 hr before incubation with TCDD.
To test whether CXCL12α binding can be upregulated in cells with lower binding capacity, we pretreated HUVECs with either TNF-α or LT-α1β2, two cytokines involved in the activation of ECs during chronic inflammation.
To determine the contribution of postjunctional adrenoceptors to the hypothermia induced by AMG9810, we pretreated mice with adrenoceptor antagonists prior to challenging them with AMG9810.
To confirm this, we pretreated PM with the metal chelator DTPA before incubation with the cell line to bind and catalytically inactivate both Fe and Cu (Fisher et al. 2004).
Kühn et al. co-treated chondrocyte with anti-Fas antibody and IL β for 14 h, whereas we pretreated chondrocytes with IL1 β or Ad- Epas1 for 24 h before treatment with anti-Fas antibody.
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