Finally, τ t captures time fixed effects that are common to all establishments, which we operationalize by dummy variables for each year in the panel data, and ε it is an idiosyncratic error term.6.
We operationalized this by calculating the yearly costs of one sentinel site and determining the number of sites that could be established using funds available from MOH and donors for the next three years.
In Experiment 1, we operationalized habits by the decision whether or not to engage in any response for the devalued option, mimicking the classic definition from free-operant responding in rodents (Adams, 1982).
We tested whether externalizing behaviors at 24 months were related to average BMI and to linear change in BMI with age; we operationalized this by including externalizing behaviors at 24 months and the interaction of externalizing behaviors at 24 months and age in the linear mixed effects model.
Furthermore, we operationalized the performance by using subjective measures.
We operationalized migration background by whether the test language corresponds to the respondent's native language (based on NATIVELANG).
We operationalized this relationship by using weekly ILI data (Fig. 2 a) to consider a weekly proxy of age-specific disease burden, ρ s (t), which is a standardized relative risk of adult to child ILI rates at week t (Fig. 2 b).
We operationalized technical difficulty of intubation by analyzing the number of intubation attempts prior to success (≤2 vs. ≥3), the rank of the final intubator (attending physician versus resident or fellow), use of adjuncts to DL for airway management and the best Cormack Lehane grade reported (grade I to II vs. grade III to IV).
To help understand these implications, we analyzed global Internet connectedness, operationalized by international bandwidth links, at country, regional, and continental levels.
Further, we demonstrated that relapse risk as operationalized by URICA-S maintenance is an important predictor of general psychopathology.
