An officer may detain a driver only as long as it takes to deal with the reason for the stop.
Ultimately, the central question is whether States may detain someone whose conviction was tarnished by a constitutional violation that is not harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.
Under French criminal procedure the police may detain and interrogate someone for a maximum of six days, after which he must be charged or released.
In upholding the Sexually Violent Predator Act, however, the justices said that the state may detain only those found to be "highly likely" to commit another sex crime.
In the case of Jose Padilla, who was accused of participating in a dirty bomb plot, he ruled that the president may detain American citizens indefinitely as "enemy combatants".
And under new antiterror laws passed since Sept. 11, the attorney general may detain for deportation any noncitizen who he has "reasonable grounds to believe" endangers national security.
They will not interfere with any adult's right to view pornography but they may detain someone for a few seconds while they prove they are over 18.
And it has long been clearly established that an officer needs evidence of criminality or dangerousness before he may detain and disarm a law-abiding citizen.
In that event, the authority may detain the goods for up to three working days to allow the holder of a right to file an application for action (Article 4).
After offering potential cures, from omega-3s to biofeedback, he turns speculative, predicting that by the 2030s, states may detain citizens based on the criminal potential of their genes and brains.
