Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
we have characterised
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "we have characterised" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing the results of a study or analysis, indicating that you have defined or described certain characteristics of a subject. Example: "In our research, we have characterised the behavior of the species under various environmental conditions."
✓ Grammatically correct
Science
Alternative expressions(20)
we have defined
we have described
we have identified
we have determined
we have assessed
we have investigated
we have analyzed
we have explored
we have examined
we have studied
we have lived
we have fought
we have called
we have shown
we have indicated
we have listed
we have settled
we have written
we have signed
we have cleared
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
60 human-written examples
Therefore we have characterised the hierarchical organisation of collagen VI across multiple length scales.
Science
We have characterised the molecular interactions in collagen chitosan complex by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Science
We have characterised the individual stages of a swell and etch treatment of epoxy resins with a variety of techniques.
Science
We have characterised the mechanical and surface properties of conventional collagen gels using shear rheology and scanning electron microscopy.
Science
In this work, we have characterised an RGD-tagged, cell-targeted multifunctional β-galactosidase carrying a poly-lysine-based DNA-binding domain.
In summary, we have characterised HPV and established an experimental set-up optimized for investigation of the basic mechanisms of HPV in mice.
We have characterised a range of modified poly vinyl chloride) (PVC) membranes based on their permeability and selectivity to electrochemically active species.
Science
As saliva contributes to oral homeostasis, we have characterised its properties and flow rate in pregnant women with or without diabetes.
Science
We have characterised the FAD2 gene family from Hiptage benghalensis, a tropical plant that accumulates high levels of ricinoleic acid in its seeds.
Science
In this study, using the MALDI-TOF-MS technique, we have characterised a new 25.7-kDa spore wall protein (SWP26) recognised by monoclonal antibody 2G10.
We have characterised the binding of wild type GAD65 to the GAD1 monoclonal antibody using SPRi.
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
Use "we have characterised" to introduce a section where you will provide a detailed analysis of a particular phenomenon, substance, or entity.
Common error
Avoid using "we have characterised" if you only present a superficial overview. Ensure your analysis is thorough and provides substantial detail to justify the claim of characterization.
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "we have characterised" serves as an introductory statement in scientific and academic writing. It indicates that the authors have provided a comprehensive description of a subject's attributes. As Ludwig AI confirms, this phrase is commonly used to introduce detailed analyses, fitting the pattern observed in the provided examples.
Frequent in
Science
100%
Less common in
News & Media
0%
Formal & Business
0%
Academia
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, "we have characterised" is a frequently used phrase in scientific and academic writing to signal a comprehensive description of a subject's properties. Ludwig AI confirms its usability and suggests that it's used to introduce thorough analyses. Its usage is almost exclusively confined to scientific contexts. Alternatives include "we have defined" or "we have described", though these may lack the emphasis on a comprehensive analysis implied by the original phrase. It's crucial to ensure that the subsequent description is detailed and justified when using this phrase. As the Ludwig AI suggests, the phrase is grammatically correct and predominantly found in formal, scientific contexts.
More alternative expressions(6)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
we have defined
This alternative replaces "characterised" with a more direct term for outlining specific attributes. The similarity lies in the act of specifying qualities, but "defined" might imply greater precision.
we have identified
This suggests finding and pointing out something specific. "Identified" focuses on discovery, while "characterised" focuses on a comprehensive description.
we have described
This alternative is a more general way of saying that information about something has been provided. This is in terms of attributes or features. But is less precise or in-depth than the original.
we have determined
This suggests reaching a conclusion or decision about something. The emphasis is on the result of an investigation, rather than a detailed description.
we have assessed
This indicates an evaluation or judgment has been made. The focus is on appraisal rather than a complete characterisation.
we have investigated
This emphasizes the process of inquiry rather than the final description. The alternative implies a deeper dive into a subject.
we have analyzed
This indicates a systematic examination of components or elements. It centers on detailed scrutiny rather than holistic portrayal.
we have explored
This suggests venturing into an unknown area for discovery. The emphasis is on discovery through examination.
we have examined
This implies a careful inspection or scrutiny. It places focus on thorough observation and assessment.
we have studied
This indicates a detailed academic investigation. Is less specific than the original.
FAQs
What does "we have characterised" mean in academic writing?
In academic writing, "we have characterised" means that the authors have provided a comprehensive description of the properties, features, or nature of something. It implies a detailed analysis and explanation.
Is "we have characterised" the same as "we have described"?
While similar, "we have characterised" implies a more thorough and systematic analysis than "we have described". Characterising involves identifying and detailing key attributes, whereas describing is a more general term for giving information about something. See also "we have described".
What are some alternatives to "we have characterised" in a research paper?
Depending on the context, you could use phrases like "we have defined", "we have identified", or "we have analysed". Choose the alternative that best reflects the specific type of investigation conducted. See also "we have defined" or "we have identified".
How can I use "we have characterised" correctly in a sentence?
Ensure that the sentence clearly indicates what you have characterised and that the following text provides a comprehensive explanation of its key features. For example, "In this study, we have characterised the genetic structure of the population."
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
4.5/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested