In our case, recall bias may have affected our results, as we were ascertaining information regarding a long period of time, and one during which the local and national contexts had changed.
The reason for the disparities we observed cannot be ascertained from our source data, but the adjustment for geographic region, hospital characteristics and insurance status rules out several factors often cited as potential explanations for racial/ethnic disparities [5].
For patients who died outside the hospital where date of death could not be ascertained, we used the date of last hospital attendance.
If this point of time could not be ascertained, we used the last time when the patient was known to be well.
If, during any of these steps, the required information could not be ascertained, we recorded the reason and did not analyse data from that paper.
Since the role of cytosolic Ca2+ as proapoptotic messenger involved in ER stress-mediated apoptosis has been ascertained[ 38], we investigated whether RES treatment affects cytosolic Ca2+.
Mortality was ascertained through verbal autopsies.
Human SNPs were ascertained in three ways.
Treatment outcomes were ascertained for 225 persons.
Pedigrees were ascertained through a GD proband.
