15 Data relating to other ethnic groups are scarce; however, a recent study from the Middle-East in a largely male Arabic athletic population reveals a similar T-wave prevalence to caucasian athletes.
At both waves, prevalence of purpose-designed e-cigarette displays and of any external e-cigarette advertising was examined by deprivation level.
At wave 2, prevalence of external e-cigarette advertising did not differ significantly by deprivation level.
Table 2 shows that, at each wave, the prevalence of current smoking for MZ twins was lower than for DZ twins.
At wave 2, prevalence of stores selling e-cigarettes and of stores displaying e-cigarettes immediately adjacent to youth-related products was also examined by deprivation level.
In SAGE Wave 1, prevalence of current daily was 11.3% in males and 3.7% in females compare to the SAGE Wave 0 where it was 7.5% in males and 0.7% in females [ 10].
The same study also revealed that black controls of similar age had a T-wave inversion prevalence of 10% mainly distributed in the anterior leads indicating the T-wave inversion in leads V1 V4 in black athletes may represent ethnic variation which is exaggerated by exercise.
In the adult waves, the prevalence of binge drinking was higher for males and females than in the adolescent phase and levels consumed by males were higher than those by females.
Specific electrocardiographic studies examining large numbers of highly trained athletes have demonstrated a T-wave inversion prevalence of 3% in caucasian adults 11 and 4% in caucasian adolescent athletes.
Among U.S. adults with previous (i.e., prior-to-past-year) drug dependence (n = 921) at baseline (wave 1), the prevalence of past-year remission status at wave 1 was: abstinence (60.5%), asymptomatic drug use (18.8%), partial remission (7.1%), and still drug dependent (13.5%).
There were two phases at the prevalence wave.
