Hydrogen is produced from water splitting.
Fig. 5 Photocatalytic water splitting over the samples.
Therefore, the efficiency of water splitting is improved further.
Hydrogen and oxygen are produced by solar water splitting.
The examined methods include thermochemical water splitting, water electrolysis, photoelectrochemical, and photochemical methods, among others.
In 2010, Garcia and coworkers used UiO-66 for water splitting under UV light irradiation, which opened the door for MOFs to photocatalytic water splitting [45].
In the recent decades, designing visible-light-driven photocatalysts for water splitting represents a major mission for photocatalytic water splitting to maximize the solar energy conversion and storage.
Many important applications are also addressed, such as photocatalytic water splitting (H2 evolution and overall water splitting), degradation of pollutants, carbon dioxide reduction, selective organic transformations and disinfection.
The heterojunction strategy for enhancing Z-scheme overall water splitting may give us some hints on the design of composite systems for overall water splitting.
The other greener routes are photoelectrochemical water splitting [1], by direct splitting of water [2, 3] and solar thermochemical cycles.
