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Characteristic Proposed method Elbasi & Eskicioglu's Method Wang & Pearmain Method Transform domain Contourlet Wavelet DCT Watermark type Gray scale PRN sequence Binary No. watermark bits embedded 17 KB(128×128) — 910 PSNR in dB 46.97 40.86 39.21 No. reported attacks 13 9 4 Extraction type Nonblind Semiblind Blind Table 7 Comparison of the proposed method with similar domain methods.
Characteristic Proposed method CEW Method I & Method II Watermark type Gray scale Binary Binary No. watermark bits embedded 17 KB(128×128) Not mentioned 16×16 PSNR in dB 46.97 Not mentioned ≈ 47 No. reported attacks 13 3 3 Extraction type Nonblind Nonblind Nonblind Figure 17 The robustness comparison result of the proposed method with [2,3] under Gaussian attack (mean, var) = (0,0.0001).
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As summarized in [12], depending on different purposes, there are two main types of watermarking schemes: In one type, the embedded watermark is used to communicate a specific hidden message (e.g., binary identification numbers used for image tracking and for video distribution, or a secret hidden message represented by binary sequences) which must be extracted with sufficient decoding accuracy.
Page images, particularly those printed before 1900, are loaded with smudges, stains, watermarks and crooked type, all of which give O.C.R.'s the fits.
For a logo-type watermark, the situation is better because it is visually recognizable and more information can be carried.
However, since the sizes and shapes of logos for different organizations are different, the flexibility of use of a logo-type watermark will certainly be degraded.
A two-dimensional (2D) SF based watermarking approach is presented in [6] where a special 2D chirp-type watermark is presented.
However, only a 1-bit information payload is carried in this type of watermark.
In this paper, a more flexible type of watermark, i.e., a message, is designed.
Each item has an icon or watermark to indicate the type of content (Facebook status update, Twitter tweet, RSS news item, Flickr photograph, YouTube video).
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