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Let be the watermark identifying user, and let be the hybrid watermark generated by the collusion.
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In homogeneous image regions, it is likely high that the majority of the pixels have the same intensity values and hence the majority of the fragile watermarks generated in that region will be the same too.
In this step, the final watermark is generated as a combination of the intermediate watermarks and as follows: (5).
In general, watermarks are generated from the most significant bits (MSB) and then embedded into the least significant bits (LSB) of the pixels while maintaining the image quality.
The watermark is generated by a random binary sequence and in all experiments.
From the corresponding pixels in these three images the bits for the intermediate watermark are generated.
The watermark is generated by quantizing Zernike moments magnitudes (ZMMs) of the image and embedded into DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) subband.
On the other hand, in an image content authentication application, if the scenario is not considered properly (e.g., a watermark is generated without considering the required properties such as 'collision resistance' property), the scheme can have security flaws and may not be reliable in practice [3].
We next present the results and validations obtained for a system with the same performance loss between single- and multi-watermark detectors and where the multi-watermark is generated from a non-static function, (mathcal {I}_{d}).
Finally, encoding utilizes these features and binary-valued watermark to generate secret share images according to the concept of Naor and Shamir's scheme [14].
The generated watermark is embedded into the cover object by the watermark embedding, sometimes based on an embedding key.
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