Solonchaks are defined by high soluble salt accumulation within 30 cm (1 foot) of the land surface and by the absence of distinct subsurface horizonation (layering), except possibly for accumulations of gypsum, sodium, or calcium carbonate or layers showing the effects of waterlogging.
These results suggest that D. spurca ameliorates effects of waterlogging on growth, RSA and antioxidant enzyme activities.
We investigated the effects of waterlogging on seed germination and early root growth of three coexisting oak species (Quercus canariensis, Q. suber and Q. pyrenaica), by completely flooding of seeds for various periods of time.
Although almost half (49.3%) of the unigenes were clustered into "no significant homology" or "unclassified protein" categories, of the remainder, the main effects of waterlogging stress on cellular function at the late stage were signal transduction (11.8% of categorized genes), carbon metabolism (7.1% of categorized genes), and amino acid metabolism (6.4% of categorized genes).
Waterlogging, partial submergence and total submergence have a significant effect on the leaf angle of Rumex palustris (Voesenek and Blom 1989), Leontodon taraxoides (Grimoldi et al. 1999), Paspalum dilatatum (Insausti et al. 2001) or Rorippa sylvestris (Stift et al. 2008).
Areas exposed to both grazing and waterlogging generally showed the most pronounced change in composition, with effects of grazing seemingly additive, but secondary, to those of waterlogging.
The proposed impact assessment model takes into account the direct and secondary (waterlogging) impact of rainstorms on transport infrastructures, as well as the indirect effect caused by network connectivity.
Waterlogging treatments were conducted in the early vegetative growth stage to avoid the effect of variation in development rate on waterlogging tolerance.
These data indicate that the external source of nitrogen affects alanine accumulation during waterlogging which correlates with the effect that the N supply has on the change in AlaAT activity (E.C.2.6.1.2) during waterlogging.
Researchers suggested that it is a combining effect of reduced kernel and tiller numbers [ 24] which is responsible for reducing yield of wheat in waterlogging.
