Measurements gleaned from the aerial imagery included late-summer open water width, number and location of late-summer dry channels, widths of riparian areas and willow coverage.
Therefore, especially for small rivers, the three-dimensional convection diffusion equation in rivers can be simplified as: (1) A river, whose discharge is less than 50 m3/s, bend coefficient is less than 1.5 and water width is less than 100 m, can be assumed as small straight river (Ni and Wang 2000).
Results show the ratios of the water surface width to depth, bottom width to depth and water surface width to bottom are all constant for the best hydraulic section.
Since these characteristics can only be estimated using field surveys, water body width and depth, hydrology, riparian buffer strip width, ground vegetation cover, existence of concentrated flow paths, and riparian vegetation were characterised at 104 water body segments in the vineyard region Palatinate (south-west Germany).
An increase in the water gap width from 9 mm to 13 mm increases the water vapor flux.
It is also shown that for in-sag locations, a double-grate inlet is more preferable than the single one, because the former tends to reduce the adverse hydraulic effect of total inflow on water spread width.
With increasing flow discharge, the ANFIS-PSO/GA model accuracy augmented, and the model could simulate the widening of the water surface width quite well with an appropriate bank profile function that can be used in the design and implementation of stable channel geometry.
Shimming on the voxel was done using a point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) technique to give the minimum water line width at half height.
When the water line width at half height was <15 Hz and spectral quality was adequate, peak area of choline at TE 135 ms was computed using the scanner software.
Single voxel MRS was acquired with the proton brain examination (PROBE) software (General Electric Medical Systems) using a point-resolved spectroscopy acquisition mode (PRESS) sequence (TE = 35 msec, TR = 2 sec with 64 averages) and with automatic shimming to achieve water line widths of < 5 Hz.
The data, including measured discharge, river width, water stage, water depth, wet area, and cross section, were collected from the hydrological yearbooks of typical hydrological stations on the Songhua River and the Yangtze River from 1955 to 1987.
