Sentence examples for water as a proxy from inspiring English sources

As an alternative to the models including the income distribution variables, the third type of model included the variable 'percentage of rural population with access to clean water' as a proxy of absolute poverty.

We used factors like electricity and piped water as a proxy for socio-economic status, and these findings may suggest that being of higher socio-economic status, better enabled men to test, whereas most women might have had to test at some point in their lifetimes during pregnancy regardless of socio-economic standing.

Piped water, as a proxy-measure for water access, may give households a greater volume of available water for general use and thus lower their risk of active trachoma [14].

Environmental variables with global coverage were utilized to characterize 1) the surface ocean climate relating to phytoplankton production, 2) water column processes associated with export POC flux, 3) bottom water properties characterizing the seafloor habitats, and 4) seafloor relief (water depth) as a proxy of declining export POC flux arriving at the ocean floor (Table 1 and Figure S1).

This study also highlights that in some cases the use of water colour as a proxy for DOC concentration should be treated with caution.

Through the analysis of data from eight sites in England and Wales we investigate the possibility of using the concentration of phenolic compounds in water samples as a proxy for DOC concentration.

We used water quality as a proxy for watershed resilience and resistance and we found that compliance to NVPL would require restoration of about 716 thousand hectares of riverine forest across the watershed.

We used the light attenuation coefficient of the water column as a proxy for the light conditions at each site.

Therefore, well water may serve as a proxy for environmental arsenic contamination in the soil and air.

Instead, the variable percentage of rural population with access to clean water was included as a proxy of absolute poverty (allowing 157 observations).

It is still unclear if and to what extent the observed extremely high infection levels in Northern Senegal were due to intense exposure, and in how far the endemic-like age-related infection patterns were due to differences in exposure levels, measured by human water contact patterns as a proxy for true exposure.