But away from the beach locals don't seem to be wasting scooter charge riding in circles.
Sludge disposal by landfill or incineration may no longer be feasible in the near future due to land scarcity, high waste charge and increasingly stringent environmental control regulations [ 4, 5].
Ukip is pledging to exempt charity shops and foodbanks from waste charges, although it also commits to abolishing the "Big Society programme" and the National Citizen Service.
Concerns have been expressed about possible regressive effects of variable waste charging on poorer households.
New waste charges are confusing and leading to an increase in fly-tipping, according to a Cornwall councillor.
In Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, a local pensioners' group criticised the introduction of garden waste charges claiming elderly people without access to a car would struggle to take their waste to the tip.
Variable waste charging is widely held to be the most viable way to bring about a waste-reducing change in consumer behaviour, but it is currently illegal in the UK, although the policy is now under review.
"It often comes down to a choice for councils - do you keep an old people's home open, spend money on meals on wheels or collect green waste for free?" When Rushcliffe Borough Council, in Nottinghamshire, introduced green waste charges of £25 a year, it said it was a way to raise additional income.
Future research is recommended to (a) investigate C&D waste issues in wider scopes including design, maintenance and demolition, (b) develop a unified measurement for waste generation so that WM performance can be compared across various economies, and (c) enhance effectiveness of WM approaches (e.g. waste charging scheme) based on new WM concepts (e.g. Extended Producer Responsibility).
Using data from South Norfolk District Council, the paper analyses the distributional implications of a simple system of variable waste charging by weight and proposes a scheme for England that would be designed to avoid leading to additional net costs for the poorest members of society.
