It is responsible for far too much of the UK waste food mountain which means wasted water, energy and land.
Environmentalists said the new projects would waste water and energy.
Transforming coffee waste water into energy is not yet an attractive business case for the farmer or for the industry since it is considered to be a high investment without a profitable return in the short term.
The classic problems are uncomfortably familiar: Is it worse to fill up landfills with disposable diapers or to waste water and energy to wash cloth ones?
For example, industrial symbiosis (IS) at Kalundborg, Denmark, creates an exchange network of waste, water, and energy among companies based on contractual dependency.
Guidelines are in place to protect water resources, promote agricultural diversification, restrict the use of pesticides and fertilizers, ban use of GMOs and require waste, water and energy to be properly managed.
Waste, water quality, energy, infectious disease control, supply chains, human resource management systems all require study, reflection, and scrutiny.
Participants were offered an incentive of £500 to participate, which could be spent on waste, water, or energy efficiency.
In Study 2, all participants received a sum of £500 that they could spend on improving their waste, water, and energy efficiency.
