Two different images represent different loading stages, one is the initial reference image and another is the deformed image.
where ϕ0 is the initial reference angle, t0 is the initial reference time and β(t) is the angle between the radar line of sight (LOS) and the vector direction of the warhead velocity v. Compared with the aspect angle φ(t), θ(t), and β(t) change very slowly.
The baseline for the CPI is 100--that is, the initial reference point, when compared to itself, equals 100% and so make your figure comparable.
Again, because the baseline for the CPI is 100--that is, the initial reference point, when compared to itself, equals 100% make your figure comparable.
We used a simple "source-to-reference" list format which also catered for third-party sites making their own references; where source was the initial site and reference was the site referenced.
Even though relatively unsaturated genetic maps in a diverse set of melon market types have been published, the integrated saturated map presented herein should be considered the initial reference map for melon.
A global average of all extracted raw repeats was used as the initial reference and was followed by MDA and multireference alignment.
A cylinder was used as the initial reference volume, and 30 rounds of iterative refinement were carried out at increasingly smaller angular increments (1.5° in the final round).
MicroRNA annotation in G. arboreum was completed following the same workflow, except that an in-house genome assembly (Udall JA and Page JT, unpublished data) of G. arboreum (A2) was utilized as the initial reference genome for mapping the G. arboreum small RNA reads.
Pimentel et al. [ 5] showed that improvement in the accuracy of genomic prediction was in general larger when heritability of the trait was lower, and when the initial reference population was smaller.
