The sharply decreasing utilisation trend is significantly attributable to the safety alert from meta-analysis study and the initial warnings from the EMA and FDA in May 2007.
The mean risk attributable to swallowing water above NOAELs was significantly higher than that attributable to swallowing water below NOAELs [3.6 (range, 1.6 8.6) vs. 1.3 (range, −0.4 to 3.8); p < 0.001, ANOVA].
Persistent diarrhea also developed in 4 (36%) of 11 patients infected with Giardia sp. The frequency of persistent diarrhea associated with Giardia was significantly greater than that attributable to adenovirus (p = 0.03), rotavirus (p = 0.01), and Camplyobacter, but not Salmonella or atypical EPEC (p>0.1, 2-tailed Fisher exact test).
Similarly, Wiedenmann et al. (2006) related relative incidence of gastroenteritis with head immersions of swimmers and whether the swimmers had swallowed water in a single period of 10 min. The mean risk attributable to swallowing water above threshold concentrations was significantly higher (3.6%) than the attributable risk below threshold concentrations (1.3%).
Attributable mortality was significantly reduced by prophylaxis: 0.5% in the prophylaxis group versus 2.9% in the control group (pooled OR: 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.60, NNT 41).
Finally, we observed an increase in growth rate in divergent promoter strains, and this increase was significantly larger than the minor increase attributable to galactose addition (Table S3).
The proportion of total deaths attributable to HIV was significantly larger in the high HIV states (9% of all deaths) than in the low HIV states (1%), and was larger in men (4.3%) than in women (1.6%).
Compared to wild-type cells, the elastic strain energy of tail cells was significantly decreased, but this decrease was attributable to the smaller spreading area (see Fig. 1) and not to a decreased force-generating potential (see Fig. 7, top) of the tail cells.
Our main finding on subgroup analysis was that the proportion of deaths attributable to SCC was significantly greater for studies with a mean follow-up longer than five years after conventional surgical excision compared with studies with a shorter follow-up.
However, the intercept of the LMWL was significantly different to the GMWL, which is attributable to the amount or "rainout" effect.
