Prior to the early 1900s, however, the Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) inhabited most of the eastern United States; it was rendered extinct by human persecution.
CMAHP, which encodes a key enzyme in the synthesis of the sialic acids Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc in other mammals, was rendered a pseudogene in humans by an inactivating microdeletion and subsequent fixation of the inactive allele in early human populations (Chou et al. 1998).
Interestingly, the inactive Kunitz domain of human collagen VI was rendered as active as BPTI by mutating two amino acids from its antiprotease loop and one from the hydrophobic core of the domain [50], reinforcing the view that target recognition in the Kunitz family relies on the conformation of the chain segment to which the interactive side-chains are attached [51].
In 2011, after years of mismanagement and poor maintenance, the flats were rendered unfit for human habitation and it was announced they were to be demolished.
Tinniswood's portraits are intimate, compelling, and deftly situated within the broader historical period, so that the turbulence of the seventeenth century is rendered as a human drama.
Moreover, transcriptional regulation could be rendered specific to human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inserting the chimeric gene Gal4/NF-YA under the regulation of the HCC-specific hybrid promoter.
Support for such a mechanism comes also from a study by Thanopoulou et al., who showed that engraftment of clonal MDS cells was enhanced if recipient NOD/SCID β2 microglobulin-deficient mice were rendered transgenic for human interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor.
Here we review the principles based on which aggression is rendered abnormal in humans and laboratory rodents, and comparatively overview the main methodological approaches based on which this behavior is studied in the two categories of subjects.
Here we demonstrate that dogs with a genetic deficiency of the enzyme α-l-iduronidase (IDUA), a model of the lysosomal storage disease mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), can be rendered immunologically tolerant to human IDUA through neonatal exposure to the enzyme.
Recently, I penned a review of the movie Interstellar, a science fiction blockbuster that chronicles a plan to find a new place for mankind to live after the Earth is rendered uninhabitable by destructive human activities.
