Using the general method described by Hurley, Vug fraction was quantified from the core slabs (Hurley et al. 1998).
Concentration of cypermethrin was quantified from the calibration curve prepared from standard cypermethrin concentrations, using ChemStation software.
Dissolved O2 was quantified from the inflection point following the H2O2 wave after subtracting a linear baseline to the plateau following O2 reduction (Figure 3a-e).
The desorption rate from three commercially available reference materials was quantified from the calibration results, and compared among the three participants.
The serum reagent mixture was visualized by using the Schlieren method, and the mixing performance was quantified from the visualized images.
The mass (μg) of STX adsorbed per kilogram of adsorbent was quantified from the concentration of STX remaining in aqueous solution, and the adsorption constants were calculated from the adsorption isotherms [9 11, 38].
Adhesion was quantified from the force distance data measured on a smooth silica substrate and two substrates coated with hydrophilic monodisperse silica particles with 110 and 240 nm in diameter to study the effect of roughness on particle adhesion.
These solutions were filtered through 0.2 μm membrane filters and their absorbance was measured spectroscopically (Spectrascan UV 2600, Chemito, Mumbai, India) and bikaverin was quantified from the peak absorption log €3.9595, at 518 nm as described by Giordano et al. (1999).
The average Bi atomic fraction in the GaAsBi layers was quantified from the corresponding EDX spectra being1.2 ± 0.4% and 5.3 ± 0.4% in samples S1 and S2, respectively, showing a non-homogeneous distribution of Bi in the GaAsBi layer in both samples.
Evapotranspiration was quantified from the deviations between the observed local value of the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and, the predicted minimum and maximum NDVI values for two hydrologically-well defined reference conditions representing the minimum and maximum vegetation density given a local long-term water availability index.
The total amount of glucosinolates was quantified from the chromatograms and plotted in Fig 4B.
