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(The purpose of a double-blind study is to remove any experimenter or patient bias in evaluating the treatment). The efficacy of the drug was primarily measured using the total functional capacity (TFC) scale.
Vocabulary in English was measured using receptive vocabulary instruments such as the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT, Dunn & Dunn, 1997) and Chinese vocabulary was primarily measured using receptive assessments such as the Chinese PPVT (Dunn & Dunn, 1997).
ARDS severity was primarily measured as the lung injury (Murray) score.[17] Cohort demographics, co-morbidities and cause of ARDS were collected by manual chart review.
The pain related to venipuncture was primarily measured using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability Pain Scale (FLACC) [ 17- 19].
Results were similar regardless of whether vials were fixed in horizontal and vertical positions, i.e. horizontal or vertical motion was primarily measured.
When centered data were used, in which the expression pattern was primarily measured, all these miRNAs were clustered together (represented by blue bar in Figure 2).
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This definition is likely to capture most repeat measurements, because LDL-C is primarily measured in candidates for receipt of lipid-lowering therapy for secondary prevention, who consult their physician regularly as part of follow-up for their primary disease.
But with 13 Grand Slam titles — "back in the race" with Pete Sampras, as Federer said — he is again being primarily measured against the history book.
In verification activities, the accuracy of a computational solution is primarily measured relative to two types of highly accurate solutions: analytical solutions and highly accurate numerical solutions.
This lack of trust has a knock-on effect on employees, with more than a quarter believing their performance is primarily measured by the time they spend in the office rather than what they deliver, according to a survey by O2. "Office workers worry that if they're not in the political arena, it might affect their ability to get a promotion," says Cooper.
The interests of the shareholders are primarily measured in terms of economic return over time.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com