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Second, proficiency was operationalized in terms of learners' class levels.
Again a cross-over design was operationalized in which all participants' performance was tested in the experimental condition and a control condition.
Learning motivation was operationalized in this study as a combination of intrinsic, instrumental and achievement-oriented motivation as well as interest.
Exercise supervision was operationalized in two phases over 12 months: Phase I (3 months supervised exercise) and Phase II (9 months unsupervised exercise).
Computer technology was operationalized in Study 1 in terms of the innovativeness of technology displayed in an office, while Study 2 focused on the portability of computer technology.
The construct was operationalized in the CSE using can-do statements about learners' knowledge of English and their use of strategies when performing six major types of communication activities, i.e., listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation, and interpretation.
Similar(35)
The hypothesis should then be operationalized in order to confirm model validity with data and experiments.
The research questions of this study are operationalized in light of the framework developed above.
Diabetes distress has been operationalized in various ways and several measures exist.
However, adequate guidance on how these factors can be operationalized in practice is not provided for architects and interior designers.
The results also shed lights on the concept of interactional authenticity and how it can be operationalized in practice.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com