Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(60)
For this article, domestic violence was operationalized as the self-reported use of physical/domestic violence by a law enforcement officer toward an intimate partner.
CBT intensity was operationalized as number of cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions, number of follow-up booster phone calls, and secondarily, as number of cognitive behavioral coping and exposure strategies.
Metalinguistic reflection was operationalized as the verbalized rules and generalizations about English noted by L2 learners in a journal-writing task, while L2 learning was measured by testing grammatical accuracy and receptive and productive vocabulary.
Affordability was operationalized as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.
Proficiency was operationalized as three class levels (i.e., CSL-1, CSL-2, and CSL-3&4).
Comprehension accuracy was operationalized as test scores based on correct answers.
Change was operationalized as the difference between two measurements in time.
However, problem solving competence was operationalized as a construct comprised of cognitive processes.
Emotional Responsivity, an index of negative emotional variability during waking hours, was operationalized as the standard deviation of each individual's negative emotions scores throughout the day.
Poor tolerability was operationalized as an overall score at or above the 75th percentile using responses to questions adapted from a previously developed questionnaire.
Duration of morning stiffness was operationalized as a dichotomous variable where ≤15 min was considered a criterion of clinically inactive disease as proposed by Wallace et al. [26].
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com