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We generated a DNAm heat map for each t(X A), which compared the average genic DNAm levels per CpG island gene promoter in controls (all fibroblast lines in which the chromosome was not translocated) to the average genic DNAm levels on the translocated chromosome which was then used to assign an inactivation status (Fig. 2).
The total hydrophobicity of the h-domain in NSP4c was significantly decreased and it seems that NSP4c_ATH35L was not translocated successfully across the inner membrane from the cytoplasmic space.
In a clonal striatal cell model, TG2 was not translocated into the nucleus in response to OGD and neither wild type TG2 nor a transamidating inactive form TG2-C277SS) protected against OGD induced cell death.
Although we were unable to express and test the thioredoxin domain separately, an investigation by Namiki et al [5] found that E.coli thioredoxin was not translocated into cells, suggesting that the thioredoxin domain of Sj.GST26 and by inference the thioredoxin domain of GST-fold proteins in general may not be responsible for cell translocation [5].
SseJ, a SPI-2 effector was not translocated into the cytosol of HeLa cells at least at 2 h post-infection [ 8].
Interestingly, when this N-terminal region of EYFP was also deleted (pPDF87, Fig. 2A; pGL3, Fig. 3A), the 2A reaction was no longer inhibited (see below) and the vast majority of the protein downstream of 2A was not translocated into the ER (Figs. 2B, 3B).
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The SPTAN1 gene: In a human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line with the Ph1 chromosome, K562, the SPTAN1 mapped centromeric to the translocation breakpoint, indicating that the alpha-fodrin gene is not translocated to the Ph1 chromosome in this cell line [ 40].
However, titanium, tin and cerium were not translocated even under control or treated plants.
Since no paramagnetic signal was detected in stem and leaves, it suggested that nanoparticles were not translocated through vascular tissues.
Although CeO2 are not translocated in shoots of wheat, they are taken up by rice and barley [35] in fairly large quantity.
Thereby we demonstrate that ligand-dependent cytotoxicity of NP can occur even when the NPs are not translocated through the membrane.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com