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Prior to the mixture design, the original formulation was initially modified by adjusting the fraction of the emulsion polymer, the wax and defoamer (shown in Table 2) and a non-ionic, silicon-free surfactant was added as a new component.
In the work reported by Wang et al., negatively charged 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) was initially modified on the gold electrode, following by the attachment of a positively charged redox polymer, poly[(vinylpyridine Os bipyridyl)2Cl2+/3+] and a GOx solution containing CNTs based on an electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) technique.
The gold electrode was initially modified with methyl or carboxylic acid terminated alkanethiols with various carbon chain lengths (n = 4, 6, 8 and 11) and subsequently immobilization of the CRGOs on a SAM surface was achieved via a hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction.
In order to circumvent these problems, the basic procedure from reference 5 was initially modified as follows.
Via surface chemistry functionalization, the MSC was initially modified with carboxylic acid groups.
The pET32a expression vector was initially modified to remove the NdeI- NotI fragment and replaced with a NcoI- NotI cloning site resulting in an in-frame C terminal hexa-histidine tag.
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In this work, titanium plates were initially modified by the two most common mechano-chemical treatments, shot peening and acid etching.
It was found that the strong rolling texture is initially modified during heating, evidencing recrystallization, after which it is weakened by a complete phase transformation.
They were initially modified by the Protein Preparation tool (Schrodinger Molecular Modeling Suit, NY), which deletes unwanted water molecules, sets charges and atom type of metal ions, corrects misoriented Gln and Asn residues, and optimizes H-atom orientations.
Each battalion was initially issued modified 6x6 Land Rover Perenties until a purpose-built infantry mobility vehicle could be acquired.
BTO NCs were initially chemically modified following the protocol in Figure 3 a.
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