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Anaesthesia was initially induced by intramuscular injections of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and midazolam (1 mg/kg) to allow preparation and handling of the animals and maintained with a mixture of ketamine (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg).
Although a mixed Th1/Th2-type immune response was initially induced by this attenuated strain, the response became slightly biased to a Th2-type humoral immune response.
Anaesthesia was initially induced with gaseous isoflurane mixed with medical oxygen at a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 4.0 in an enclosed anaesthetic chamber.
Rather than governing Treg cell lineage commitment [15], [16], Foxp3 acts more like a Treg cell stabilizing factor maintaining Treg cell-specific gene expression that was initially induced by other transcription factors [17], [18], [19].
The osteosarcoma was initially induced by a local injection of colloidal radioactive Cerium in rats [ 29].
Anaesthesia was initially induced with a mixture of isoflurane (4%) and oxygen (2 L/min).
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As autophagy is a protective response to conditions of nutrient deprivation, we were interested to determine whether ADI-PEG20 was initially inducing an autophagic response in GBM cells.
Next, we hypothesized that resistance-related genes are initially induced through carboplatin treatment in A2780 tumors (initial response) and show higher basal expression level in vehicle-treated A2780cis tumors compared to vehicle-treated A2780 tumors (acquired resistance).
Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the endogenous levels of RASSF9 mRNA were initially induced when keratinocytes were exposed to a calcium concentration of 2 mM (differentiation-inducing conditions) for 1 day, but were thereafter reduced as differentiation progressed (Figure S10).
To overcome the limited surface that fungi can inhabit at low water availability due to restrained growth, a MC optimal for growth should be initially induced, followed by a drying period to stimulate pigmentation.
In the case of convective mixing induced by QB, because forcing of QB is confined to the cloud base and is maintained, strong small eddies are initially induced around a thin unstable layer at the cloud base and spread to the middle and upper parts of the neutral layer.
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