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To underline the compared repeatability between both methods, the mean fluorescence (FL1-FC) was formulated as function of single cell fluorescence for each PSC833 concentration for the 10 biological replicates.
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Since input parameters inadequately represent the executional behavior of the GPU, execution metrics are formulated as functions of the input parameters to represent the behavior.
Based on RS models, the energy absorption (EA) and initial peak crushing force (IPCF) are formulated as functions of cut-out groove dimensions.
The governing equations are formulated as functions of total concentration, i.e., the mass of solutes in all phases per pore volume.
Hence, instead of being treated as pre-assumed constants, the roller-inner/outer race contact angles are formulated as functions of the axial displacement of the moving race to reflect their dependence on the axial movement.
Water fluxes between soil layers and into the fine roots are formulated as functions of water potential gradients and resistances, while leaf gas exchange is simulated as a function of stomatal conductance and leaf-air mole fraction differences.
A structural model is identified if all of the unknown parameters can be formulated as functions of the known parameters and that these functions can lead to unique solutions [ 47].
The primal problem can be formulated as follows by incorporating the discriminant function (3): (5) s.t.
In this paper, the casing string placement problem was formulated as the optimization function under uncertainty.
To achieve high accuracy in recognizing the signal especially in low-SNR environments, the proposed method in this paper jointly exploits the features of signal in time and frequency domain, which was formulated as a unified feature function.
These metrics are formulated as delivery function and delay function.
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