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For cells to be fixed immediately after irradiation (t = 1 min for the comet assay), DMEM was first substituted with ice-cooled phosphate buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4, 10 mM phosphate buffer, 2.7 mM KCl, 137 mM NaCl) followed by the irradiation.
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As shown in Figure 1, the carboxyl groups of TT were first substituted with hydrazine in the presence of 1-ethyl-3 dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide under acidic conditions.
The autosomes from the C and MA males were first substituted with a set of marked translocated autosomes ((T(2: 3) rdgc st in ri p p bw).
To estimate Ka/ Ks ratio for the B. rapa genome, all the SNPs were first substituted into the Chiifu reference genome sequence using vcf2diploid v0.2.6 tool of AlleleSeq pipeline (http://info.gersteinlab.org/AlleleSeq).
The key to extinguishing the behavior is: First, substituting another behavior which earns just as big a pay-off, and second, never rewarding the vacuum chasing behavior again.
Octaphenylrhodocene (a derivative with eight phenyl groups attached) was the first substituted rhodocene to be isolated at room temperature, though even it decomposes rapidly in air.
Jones was third-minute substitute for centre Ashley Smith, who suffered a broken jaw as he made a tackle.
The equivalent crack surface stresses are first obtained and substituted in the plane elasticity equations.
With approval, Hemopure would be first human-blood substitute available in the United States.
An expression for the SER, (P_{p,e}^{(2,2)}) can be derived by first substituting (58) into (90).
Paraffin-fixed samples were first deparaffinized in xylene substitute Pro-Par Clearant (Anatech Ltd., Battle Creek, MI, USA), ethanol then water for rehydration.
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