The reservoir parameters which are mentioned earlier cannot be estimated exactly.
When modelling a biochemical system, the fact that model parameters cannot be estimated exactly stimulates the definition of tests for checking unreliable estimates and design better experiments.
Initial condition estimation is an important way to reconstruct the chaotic signal, because the certain chaotic signal will be obtained once the initial condition value is estimated exactly.
For the 1st user, if cannot be estimated exactly, will suffer distortions after passing through the OPPF, since the oblique projection cannot be established correctly.
Due to lack of cooperation and limited feedback between different nodes in two-tier HetNets, channel gains cannot be estimated exactly.
The theoretical and numerical results confirm that the four unknown parameters in the drive system are estimated exactly and the two hyperchaotic systems reach complete synchronization when the controllers and parameter observers work on the driven system.
For this reason, it is not expected that the parameters of the model (i.e., v ⃗ ( x, y ) and F x, y)) can be estimated exactly, but only minimising the error with respect to the data.
Since the initial condition of chaotic signal cannot be estimated exactly in noise, and a small error in the initial condition will make the reconstruction signal exponentially diverge from true signal.
Experimental results show that systems' nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.
In practice, LEVs do not specifically estimate the value of the land; they just indicate the potential returns assuming perfect knowledge and perfect capital markets existed, the discount rate was correct in all locations at all times, and all the costs and prices were estimated exactly.
