These include NODLtSz-SCID Il2r γnull/null (NSG; Il2r γ is completely null), NODShi-SCID Il2r γ−/− (NOG; the Il2r γ chain lacks the intracytoplasmic domain) [ 19– 22], and BALB/c Rag2−/− Il2r γ−/− mice (BRG) [ 23, 24].
These mice showed a very low Vmax, 2.9±0.4 nmol, even less than in asj mice (P<0.05), suggesting that the asj mice might have some residual activity, and not be completely null (Fig. 7C).
As shown in Figure 3, SICR was completely eliminated in eNOS null mice.
The enamel layer was completely absent in Enam null mice compared to the mild enamel phenotype in the heterozygotes (Enam +/−).
This tonic NMDAR-mediated current was completely absent in GluN2B null neurons, including those in which GluN2B had been genetically replaced by GluN2A (GluN2A→2A).
In order to determine whether the adapter protein Ark (Apaf-1) (Fig. 7A) is required for the ectopic apoptosis in pcm wing imaginal discs, Ark activity was completely removed using the null Ark mutation as a homozygote (Akdemir et al., 2006).
The CSGalNAcT1 protein and CSGalNAcT1 mRNA was completely absent from CSGalNAcT1-null mice based on immunoblotting and RT PCR analyses respectively.
The peptide agonist of PAR1, TFLLRN, was used as a control and was found to induce a 2.8-fold increase in C57Bl/6 mice, which was completely abolished in Par1-null mice (Fig 6A, right panel).
Another CNC transcription factor, p45, which is a component of NF-E2, has a critical role in megakaryocytic maturation and platelet production, as proplatelet formation was completely defective in p45-null MKs.
