Polymorphism per locus was calculated via the polymorphism information content (PIC) calculator (Website 6, http://www.liv.ac.uk/~kempsj/pic.html ).
The reflector profile curve was calculated via a first-order differential equation.
Interplanar spacing (d) in the crystalline material was calculated via Bragg's equation (nλ = 2d hkl sinθ).
The QD-labeled CC49 was calculated via the total antibody minus the unlabeled antibody.
The percentage of GFP-expressing cells in the microcavity was calculated via the software analysis.
Ksop was calculated via method reported by Asgari et al. (2013).
The order of chemical reactions (n) was calculated via the peak symmetry method by Kissinger [27].
The total number of GNPs was calculated via the gold mass.
The associated increase of the particulate phase voidage was calculated via the Ergun equation.
CMP was calculated via image analysis of resin-impregnated soil blocks prepared from intact soil specimens.
The mass of metallic and composite wingbox configurations was calculated via finite element analysis and design optimization techniques.
