Sample size was calculated using a Raosoft sample size calculator.
Linkage disequilibrium was calculated using a custom written python script.
Tracer concentration was calculated using a standard curve and normalized to matched controls (set to 1).
Protein concentration was calculated using a BCA assay (Pierce) following the manufacturer's protocol.
Statistical significance was calculated using (a) simple Mann Whitney or (c f) one-way ANOVA tests.
Weekly alcohol consumption was calculated using a method reported in a previous study60.
Body surface area was calculated using a validated weight–height formula (Haycock et al., 1978).
The expected error of Q was calculated using a jackknife procedure, where every link is an independent observation.
The NO concentration in the medium was calculated using a standard curve from a known concentration of sodium nitrite solution.
The glucose concentration of the medium was calculated using a calibration curve with an R square of 0.9995.
The 'atypical index' was calculated using a method similar to that described previously (Robertson et al, 1994).
